diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index fcc07455b..77440eb56 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 - Make canvas text rendering demand missing font faces and verify CJK/Arabic fallback coverage from CanvasKit shaping results instead of coarse script predictions.
 - Resolve fonts before loaded, pasted, imported, and tool-created nodes render; invalidate generation-stale text caches and use baked `.fig` glyphs only after live font resolution is exhausted.
 - Load character-specific remote font subsets without Latin-only assumptions, preserve cumulative subset coverage, and reject unavailable desktop font styles instead of substituting the first family face.
+- Render downloaded CJK and Arabic faces under their source family names so CanvasKit produces visible glyphs, with first-paint and interactive fallback snapshots covering CJK, Arabic, and mixed scripts.
 - Fix live CLI and MCP automation drifting to the wrong open document or page when multiple files are open.
 - Improve Chinese, Japanese, and Korean text rendering with glyph-aware fallback fonts and outline rendering when needed.
 - Preserve imported Figma text sizing more accurately, especially auto-sized text inside auto-layout frames.
diff --git a/knip.json b/knip.json
index 7d4224ab6..59a0d24c1 100644
--- a/knip.json
+++ b/knip.json
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
   "ignoreWorkspaces": ["packages/acp", "packages/demos"],
   "ignoreUnresolved": [
     "~icons/*",
-    "/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts",
     "/src/app/editor/fonts/index.ts",
     "#core/*"
   ],
diff --git a/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts b/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts
index 6127be85a..f26fe3c6e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import type { CanvasKit, TypefaceFontProvider } from 'canvaskit-wasm'
 import type { SceneGraph } from '@open-pencil/scene-graph'
 
 import { DEFAULT_FONT_FAMILY, IS_BROWSER } from '#core/constants'
-import { fontFaceRenderFamily } from '#core/text/face'
 import {
   chooseLocalFontMatch,
   isVariableFont,
@@ -52,9 +51,6 @@ export class FontManager {
   private fallbackUserAgent: string | undefined
   private hostFontLoader: HostFontLoader | null = null
   private webFonts = new WebFontResolver()
-  private registeredRenderFamilies = new Set<string>()
-  private renderFamilyAliases = new Map<string, string>()
-  private renderFamilyRevisions = new Map<string, number>()
   private cjkFallbackFamilies: string[] = []
   private cjkFallbackPromise: Promise<string[]> | null = null
   private arabicFallbackFamilies: string[] = []
@@ -64,18 +60,13 @@ export class FontManager {
     this.fontProvider = provider
     this.registrationGeneration++
     this.providerRegistrations.clear()
-    this.registeredRenderFamilies.clear()
-    this.renderFamilyAliases.clear()
-    this.renderFamilyRevisions.clear()
     for (const [cacheKey, data] of this.loadedFamilies) {
       const separator = cacheKey.indexOf('|')
       const family = cacheKey.slice(0, separator)
-      const style = cacheKey.slice(separator + 1)
       this.registerFontInCanvasKit(family, data)
       for (const supplemental of this.supplementalFamilyData.get(cacheKey) ?? []) {
         this.registerFontInCanvasKit(family, supplemental)
       }
-      this.registerInitialRenderFamily(family, style, data)
     }
   }
 
@@ -333,22 +324,11 @@ export class FontManager {
     return this.loadedFamilies.get(`${family}|${style}`) ?? null
   }
 
-  renderFamily(family: string, style: string): string {
-    const data = this.loadedData(family, style)
-    if (!data) return family
-
-    const key = `${family}|${style}`
-    const renderFamily = this.renderFamilyAliases.get(key) ?? fontFaceRenderFamily(family, style)
-    if (!this.registeredRenderFamilies.has(renderFamily)) {
-      if (this.registerFontInCanvasKit(renderFamily, data)) {
-        this.renderFamilyAliases.set(key, renderFamily)
-        this.renderFamilyRevisions.set(key, 1)
-        this.registeredRenderFamilies.add(renderFamily)
-      } else {
-        return family
-      }
-    }
-    return renderFamily
+  renderFamily(family: string, _style: string): string {
+    // CanvasKit can shape metrics but paint no glyphs for some CJK/Arabic faces registered under a
+    // synthetic alias. Keep every shard under the font's source family; character-aware remote
+    // requests already fetch cumulative coverage before replacing the primary buffer.
+    return family
   }
 
   collectFontKeys(graph: SceneGraph, nodeIds: string[]): Array<[string, string]> {
@@ -535,31 +515,10 @@ export class FontManager {
     if (existing) this.registerSupplemental(family, style, existing)
     this.loadedFamilies.set(key, buffer)
     this.registerFontInCanvasKit(family, buffer)
-    const currentRenderFamily = this.renderFamilyAliases.get(key)
-    if (currentRenderFamily) {
-      const revision = (this.renderFamilyRevisions.get(key) ?? 1) + 1
-      const renderFamily = `${fontFaceRenderFamily(family, style)}__${revision}`
-      if (this.registerFontInCanvasKit(renderFamily, buffer)) {
-        this.renderFamilyAliases.set(key, renderFamily)
-        this.renderFamilyRevisions.set(key, revision)
-        this.registeredRenderFamilies.add(renderFamily)
-      }
-    } else {
-      this.registerInitialRenderFamily(family, style, buffer)
-    }
     this.registerFontInBrowser(family, style, buffer)
     return buffer
   }
 
-  private registerInitialRenderFamily(family: string, style: string, data: ArrayBuffer): void {
-    const key = `${family}|${style}`
-    const renderFamily = fontFaceRenderFamily(family, style)
-    if (!this.registerFontInCanvasKit(renderFamily, data)) return
-    this.renderFamilyAliases.set(key, renderFamily)
-    this.renderFamilyRevisions.set(key, 1)
-    this.registeredRenderFamilies.add(renderFamily)
-  }
-
   private registerFontInCanvasKit(family: string, data: ArrayBuffer): boolean {
     if (!this.fontProvider || data.byteLength < 4) return false
     const registeredData = this.providerRegistrations.get(family)
diff --git a/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-fallback.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-fallback.spec.ts
index c2f64c630..561e755c9 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-fallback.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-fallback.spec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'
 
+import type { FontManager } from '#core/text/fonts'
+
 import { CanvasHelper } from '#tests/helpers/canvas'
 
 test('tool-created CJK text requests fallback through app font loading', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -13,13 +15,20 @@ test('tool-created CJK text requests fallback through app font loading', async (
 
     const { ensureGraphFonts, loadFont } = await import('/src/app/editor/fonts/index.ts')
     await loadFont('Inter', 'Regular')
-    const { fontManager } = await import('/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts')
+    const fontModuleUrl = performance
+      .getEntriesByType('resource')
+      .map((entry) => entry.name)
+      .find((url) => url.includes('/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts'))
+    if (!fontModuleUrl) throw new Error('Active font manager module not found')
+    const { fontManager } = (await import(/* @vite-ignore */ fontModuleUrl)) as {
+      fontManager: FontManager
+    }
     const originalEnsureFallbackPack = fontManager.ensureFallbackPack.bind(fontManager)
     let requestedScripts: string[] = []
 
     fontManager.ensureFallbackPack = async (scripts = ['cjk', 'arabic']) => {
       requestedScripts = [...scripts]
-      return { cjk: ['Regression CJK Fallback'], arabic: [] }
+      return { cjk: ['Noto Sans CJK SC'], arabic: [] }
     }
 
     const pageNode = store.graph.getNode(store.state.currentPageId)
@@ -66,9 +75,16 @@ test('CJK text waits for fallback fonts and repaints after they load', async ({
     const store = window.openPencil?.getStore?.()
     if (!store?.renderer) throw new Error('OpenPencil renderer not initialized')
     const renderer = store.renderer
-    const response = await fetch('/tests/fixtures/fonts/NotoSansSC-Regular.ttf')
+    const response = await fetch('/tests/fixtures/fonts/NotoSansCJK-Test.otf')
     const fallbackData = await response.arrayBuffer()
-    const { fontManager } = await import('/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts')
+    const fontModuleUrl = performance
+      .getEntriesByType('resource')
+      .map((entry) => entry.name)
+      .find((url) => url.includes('/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts'))
+    if (!fontModuleUrl) throw new Error('Active font manager module not found')
+    const { fontManager } = (await import(/* @vite-ignore */ fontModuleUrl)) as {
+      fontManager: FontManager
+    }
     const manager = fontManager as typeof fontManager & { cjkFallbackFamilies: string[] }
     const originalFamilies = [...manager.cjkFallbackFamilies]
     const originalEnsureFallbackPack = fontManager.ensureFallbackPack.bind(fontManager)
@@ -84,9 +100,9 @@ test('CJK text waits for fallback fonts and repaints after they load', async ({
     const originalRender = renderer.renderFromEditorState.bind(renderer)
     fontManager.ensureFallbackPack = async (scripts = ['cjk', 'arabic']) => {
       await fallbackGate
-      fontManager.markLoaded('Regression CJK Fallback', 'Regular', fallbackData)
-      fontManager.setCJKFallbackFamily('Regression CJK Fallback')
-      return Object.fromEntries(scripts.map((script) => [script, ['Regression CJK Fallback']]))
+      fontManager.markLoaded('Noto Sans CJK SC', 'Regular', fallbackData)
+      fontManager.setCJKFallbackFamily('Noto Sans CJK SC')
+      return Object.fromEntries(scripts.map((script) => [script, ['Noto Sans CJK SC']]))
     }
     renderer.renderFromEditorState = (
       ...args: Parameters<typeof renderer.renderFromEditorState>
@@ -101,7 +117,7 @@ test('CJK text waits for fallback fonts and repaints after they load', async ({
       y: 80,
       width: 300,
       height: 60,
-      text: '上班打卡App',
+      text: '你好世界App',
       textLanguage: 'zh-Hans',
       fontSize: 32,
       fontFamily: 'Inter',
@@ -131,6 +147,7 @@ test('CJK text waits for fallback fonts and repaints after they load', async ({
       return {
         loadedBeforeFallback,
         loadedAfterFallback: renderer.isNodeFontLoaded(text),
+        readiness: renderer.nodeFontReadiness(text),
         fallbackRenderCount,
         renderCount
       }
@@ -142,6 +159,7 @@ test('CJK text waits for fallback fonts and repaints after they load', async ({
   })
 
   expect(result.loadedBeforeFallback).toBe(false)
+  expect(result.readiness).toBe('ready')
   expect(result.loadedAfterFallback).toBe(true)
   expect(result.fallbackRenderCount).toBe(1)
   expect(result.renderCount).toBeGreaterThan(0)
diff --git a/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts
index 410953303..aa7124b49 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts
@@ -1,121 +1,358 @@
-import { existsSync, readFileSync } from 'node:fs'
+import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer'
 
-import { expect, test, useEditorSetupWithClear } from '#tests/e2e/fixtures'
+import type { Page } from '@playwright/test'
 
-const editor = useEditorSetupWithClear('/?test&no-chrome&no-rulers')
-const appleGothic = '/System/Library/Fonts/Supplemental/AppleGothic.ttf'
+import type { FontManager } from '#core/text/fonts'
 
-test.skip(
-  process.platform !== 'darwin' || !existsSync(appleGothic),
-  'CJK visual snapshot uses macOS AppleGothic for Hangul coverage'
-)
+import { expect, test } from '#tests/e2e/fixtures'
+import { CanvasHelper } from '#tests/helpers/canvas'
 
-async function expectCanvas(name: string) {
-  editor.canvas.assertNoErrors()
-  const buffer = await editor.canvas.canvas.screenshot()
-  expect(buffer).toMatchSnapshot(`${name}.png`)
-}
-
-test('renders Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Korean fallback text', async () => {
-  await editor.page.route('**/__test-fonts/apple-gothic.ttf', async (route) => {
-    await route.fulfill({ body: readFileSync(appleGothic), contentType: 'font/ttf' })
-  })
-
-  const smoke = await editor.page.evaluate(async () => {
+async function openEditor(page: Page): Promise<CanvasHelper> {
+  await page.goto('/?test&no-chrome&no-rulers')
+  const canvas = new CanvasHelper(page)
+  await canvas.waitForInit()
+  await page.evaluate(() => {
     const store = window.openPencil?.getStore?.()
     if (!store) throw new Error('OpenPencil store not initialized')
-    const pageId = store.state.currentPageId
-    const { fontManager } = await import('/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts')
+    const pageNode = store.graph.getNode(store.state.currentPageId)
+    const childIds = pageNode?.childIds.slice() ?? []
+    for (const id of childIds) store.graph.deleteNode(id)
+    store.clearSelection()
+    store.renderer?.invalidateAllPictures()
+    store.requestRender()
+    store.renderer?.renderFromEditorState(
+      store.state,
+      store.graph,
+      store.textEditor,
+      window.innerWidth,
+      window.innerHeight,
+      false,
+      'full'
+    )
+  })
+  await canvas.waitForRender()
+  return canvas
+}
 
-    const [notoResponse, appleGothicResponse] = await Promise.all([
-      fetch('/tests/fixtures/fonts/NotoSansSC-Regular.ttf'),
-      fetch('/__test-fonts/apple-gothic.ttf')
-    ])
-    if (!notoResponse.ok) throw new Error(`Failed to load Noto Sans SC: ${notoResponse.status}`)
-    if (!appleGothicResponse.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`Failed to load AppleGothic: ${appleGothicResponse.status}`)
+async function expectCanvas(canvas: CanvasHelper, name: string): Promise<void> {
+  await canvas.page.evaluate(
+    () =>
+      new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+        requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(resolve))
+      })
+  )
+  canvas.assertNoErrors()
+  expect(await canvas.canvas.screenshot()).toMatchSnapshot(`${name}.png`)
+}
+
+test('international text is correct on its first visible paint', async ({ page }) => {
+  await openEditor(page)
+
+  const result = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+    const store = window.openPencil?.getStore?.()
+    if (!store?.renderer) throw new Error('OpenPencil renderer not initialized')
+    const fontModuleUrl = performance
+      .getEntriesByType('resource')
+      .map((entry) => entry.name)
+      .find((url) => url.includes('/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts'))
+    if (!fontModuleUrl) throw new Error('Active font manager module not found')
+    const { fontManager } = (await import(/* @vite-ignore */ fontModuleUrl)) as {
+      fontManager: FontManager
     }
-
-    fontManager.markLoaded('Noto Sans SC', 'Regular', await notoResponse.arrayBuffer())
-    fontManager.markLoaded('AppleGothic', 'Regular', await appleGothicResponse.arrayBuffer())
-    fontManager.setCJKFallbackFamily('Noto Sans SC')
-    fontManager.setCJKFallbackFamily('AppleGothic')
-
-    const lines = [
-      { label: 'Simplified Chinese', text: '你好世界' },
-      { label: 'Traditional Chinese', text: '繁體中文' },
-      { label: 'Japanese', text: '日本語かなカナ' },
-      { label: 'Korean', text: '안녕하세요' }
+    const pageId = store.state.currentPageId
+    const samples = [
+      {
+        label: 'Simplified Chinese',
+        text: '你好世界',
+        language: 'zh-Hans',
+        family: 'Noto Sans CJK SC'
+      },
+      {
+        label: 'Traditional Chinese',
+        text: '繁體中文',
+        language: 'zh-Hant',
+        family: 'Noto Sans CJK SC'
+      },
+      { label: 'Japanese', text: '日本語かなカナ', language: 'ja', family: 'Noto Sans CJK SC' },
+      { label: 'Korean', text: '안녕하세요', language: 'ko', family: 'Noto Sans CJK SC' },
+      { label: 'Arabic', text: 'مرحبا بالعالم', language: 'ar', family: 'Noto Naskh Arabic' },
+      {
+        label: 'Mixed scripts',
+        text: 'OpenPencil · 你好 · مرحبا',
+        language: 'en',
+        family: 'Noto Sans CJK SC'
+      }
     ]
 
-    store.graph.createNode('FRAME', pageId, {
-      name: 'CJK rendering visual backdrop',
-      x: 64,
-      y: 52,
-      width: 720,
-      height: 312,
-      cornerRadius: 20,
-      fills: [
-        { type: 'SOLID', color: { r: 0.97, g: 0.98, b: 1, a: 1 }, visible: true, opacity: 1 }
-      ],
-      strokes: [
-        {
-          color: { r: 0.78, g: 0.84, b: 0.95, a: 1 },
-          weight: 1,
-          visible: true,
-          opacity: 1,
-          align: 'INSIDE'
-        }
-      ]
-    })
-
-    for (const [index, line] of lines.entries()) {
-      const y = 84 + index * 64
+    const sampleIds = samples.map((sample, index) => {
+      const y = 70 + index * 62
       store.graph.createNode('TEXT', pageId, {
-        name: `${line.label} label`,
-        x: 96,
-        y,
-        width: 210,
+        name: `${sample.label} label`,
+        x: 88,
+        y: y + 4,
+        width: 220,
         height: 28,
-        text: line.label,
+        text: sample.label,
         fontFamily: 'Inter',
-        fontSize: 17,
+        fontSize: 16,
         fontWeight: 600,
         fills: [
           { type: 'SOLID', color: { r: 0.25, g: 0.32, b: 0.45, a: 1 }, visible: true, opacity: 1 }
         ]
       })
-      store.graph.createNode('TEXT', pageId, {
-        name: `${line.label} sample`,
-        x: 328,
-        y: y - 4,
-        width: 360,
-        height: 42,
-        text: line.text,
-        fontFamily: 'Inter',
-        fontSize: 32,
-        textAutoResize: 'HEIGHT',
+      return store.graph.createNode('TEXT', pageId, {
+        name: `${sample.label} sample`,
+        x: 330,
+        y,
+        width: 430,
+        height: 44,
+        text: sample.text,
+        textLanguage: sample.language,
+        fontFamily: sample.family,
+        fontSize: 30,
+        textAutoResize: 'NONE',
+        styleRuns:
+          sample.label === 'Mixed scripts'
+            ? [
+                {
+                  start: sample.text.indexOf('مرحبا'),
+                  length: 'مرحبا'.length,
+                  style: { fontFamily: 'Noto Naskh Arabic', textLanguage: 'ar' }
+                }
+              ]
+            : [],
         fills: [
           { type: 'SOLID', color: { r: 0.04, g: 0.06, b: 0.12, a: 1 }, visible: true, opacity: 1 }
         ]
+      }).id
+    })
+
+    fontManager.blockNodesUntilFontsResolve(sampleIds)
+    const blockedBeforeFonts = sampleIds.every((id) => fontManager.isNodeBlocked(id))
+    const [cjk, arabic] = await Promise.all([
+      fetch('/tests/fixtures/fonts/NotoSansCJK-Test.otf').then((response) =>
+        response.arrayBuffer()
+      ),
+      fetch('/tests/fixtures/fonts/NotoNaskhArabic-Regular.ttf').then((response) =>
+        response.arrayBuffer()
+      )
+    ])
+    fontManager.markLoaded('Noto Sans CJK SC', 'Regular', cjk)
+    fontManager.markLoaded('Noto Naskh Arabic', 'Regular', arabic)
+    fontManager.setCJKFallbackFamily('Noto Sans CJK SC')
+    fontManager.setArabicFallbackFamily('Noto Naskh Arabic')
+
+    await store.loadFontsForNodes(sampleIds)
+    fontManager.unblockNodes(sampleIds)
+    for (const id of sampleIds) {
+      const node = store.graph.getNode(id)
+      if (node?.type === 'TEXT') store.graph.updateNode(id, { text: node.text })
+    }
+    store.clearSelection()
+    store.renderer.invalidateAllPictures()
+    store.requestRender()
+    store.renderer.renderFromEditorState(
+      store.state,
+      store.graph,
+      store.textEditor,
+      window.innerWidth,
+      window.innerHeight,
+      false,
+      'full'
+    )
+    const pageNode = store.graph.getNode(pageId)
+    const image = await store.renderExportImage(pageNode?.childIds ?? [], 2, 'PNG')
+    if (!image) throw new Error('First-paint export failed')
+    return {
+      blockedBeforeFonts,
+      image: Array.from(image),
+      readiness: sampleIds.map((id) => {
+        const node = store.graph.getNode(id)
+        return {
+          name: node?.name,
+          state: node ? store.renderer?.nodeFontReadiness(node) : 'missing'
+        }
+      }),
+      unblockedAfterFonts: sampleIds.every((id) => !fontManager.isNodeBlocked(id))
+    }
+  })
+
+  const { image, ...state } = result
+  expect(state).toEqual({
+    blockedBeforeFonts: true,
+    readiness: [
+      { name: 'Simplified Chinese sample', state: 'ready' },
+      { name: 'Traditional Chinese sample', state: 'ready' },
+      { name: 'Japanese sample', state: 'ready' },
+      { name: 'Korean sample', state: 'ready' },
+      { name: 'Arabic sample', state: 'ready' },
+      { name: 'Mixed scripts sample', state: 'ready' }
+    ],
+    unblockedAfterFonts: true
+  })
+  expect(Buffer.from(image)).toMatchSnapshot('international-text-first-paint.png')
+})
+
+test('typed and tool-created text repaint with the same resolved fallbacks', async ({ page }) => {
+  const canvas = await openEditor(page)
+
+  const ids = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+    const store = window.openPencil?.getStore?.()
+    if (!store) throw new Error('OpenPencil store not initialized')
+    const pageId = store.state.currentPageId
+
+    const labels = ['Tool-created', 'Interactively typed']
+    for (const [index, label] of labels.entries()) {
+      store.graph.createNode('TEXT', pageId, {
+        name: `${label} label`,
+        x: 88,
+        y: 112 + index * 92,
+        width: 190,
+        height: 28,
+        text: label,
+        fontFamily: 'Inter',
+        fontSize: 16,
+        fontWeight: 600,
+        fills: [
+          { type: 'SOLID', color: { r: 0.25, g: 0.32, b: 0.45, a: 1 }, visible: true, opacity: 1 }
+        ]
       })
     }
 
-    await store.loadFontsForNodes(store.graph.getPages().flatMap((page) => page.childIds))
-    store.clearSelection()
-    store.requestRender()
-
-    return {
-      loaded: {
-        noto: fontManager.isStyleLoaded('Noto Sans SC', 'Regular'),
-        appleGothic: fontManager.isStyleLoaded('AppleGothic', 'Regular')
-      },
-      fallbacks: fontManager.getCJKFallbackFamilies()
+    const common = {
+      width: 450,
+      height: 52,
+      textLanguage: 'zh-Hans',
+      fontFamily: 'Inter',
+      fontSize: 30,
+      textAutoResize: 'NONE' as const,
+      fills: [
+        {
+          type: 'SOLID' as const,
+          color: { r: 0.04, g: 0.06, b: 0.12, a: 1 },
+          visible: true,
+          opacity: 1
+        }
+      ]
     }
+    const tool = store.graph.createNode('TEXT', pageId, {
+      ...common,
+      name: 'Tool-created mixed script',
+      x: 300,
+      y: 104,
+      text: 'OpenPencil · 你好 · مرحبا'
+    })
+    const typed = store.graph.createNode('TEXT', pageId, {
+      ...common,
+      name: 'Interactively typed mixed script',
+      x: 300,
+      y: 196,
+      text: ''
+    })
+    const nodeIds = [tool.id, typed.id]
+    const fontModuleUrl = performance
+      .getEntriesByType('resource')
+      .map((entry) => entry.name)
+      .find((url) => url.includes('/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts'))
+    if (!fontModuleUrl) throw new Error('Active font manager module not found')
+    const { fontManager } = (await import(/* @vite-ignore */ fontModuleUrl)) as {
+      fontManager: FontManager
+    }
+    fontManager.blockNodesUntilFontsResolve(nodeIds)
+    store.select([typed.id])
+    store.startTextEditing(typed.id)
+    store.requestRender()
+    return { nodeIds, toolId: tool.id, typedId: typed.id }
   })
 
-  expect(smoke.loaded).toEqual({ noto: true, appleGothic: true })
-  expect(smoke.fallbacks).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(['Noto Sans SC', 'AppleGothic']))
-  await editor.canvas.waitForRender()
-  await expectCanvas('cjk-fallback-text-rendering')
+  await page.locator('textarea[aria-hidden="true"]').fill('OpenPencil · 你好 · مرحبا')
+  await page.evaluate(() => {
+    const store = window.openPencil?.getStore?.()
+    if (!store?.renderer) throw new Error('OpenPencil renderer not initialized')
+    store.renderer.invalidateAllPictures()
+    store.renderer.renderFromEditorState(
+      store.state,
+      store.graph,
+      store.textEditor,
+      window.innerWidth,
+      window.innerHeight,
+      false,
+      'full'
+    )
+  })
+  await canvas.waitForRender()
+  const pending = await page.evaluate(async (nodeIds) => {
+    const fontModuleUrl = performance
+      .getEntriesByType('resource')
+      .map((entry) => entry.name)
+      .find((url) => url.includes('/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts'))
+    if (!fontModuleUrl) throw new Error('Active font manager module not found')
+    const { fontManager } = (await import(/* @vite-ignore */ fontModuleUrl)) as {
+      fontManager: FontManager
+    }
+    return nodeIds.every((id) => fontManager.isNodeBlocked(id))
+  }, ids.nodeIds)
+  expect(pending).toBe(true)
+  await expectCanvas(canvas, 'interactive-font-fallback-pending')
+
+  const resolved = await page.evaluate(async ({ nodeIds, toolId, typedId }) => {
+    const store = window.openPencil?.getStore?.()
+    if (!store?.renderer) throw new Error('OpenPencil renderer not initialized')
+    const fontModuleUrl = performance
+      .getEntriesByType('resource')
+      .map((entry) => entry.name)
+      .find((url) => url.includes('/packages/core/src/text/fonts.ts'))
+    if (!fontModuleUrl) throw new Error('Active font manager module not found')
+    const { fontManager } = (await import(/* @vite-ignore */ fontModuleUrl)) as {
+      fontManager: FontManager
+    }
+    const [cjk, arabic] = await Promise.all([
+      fetch('/tests/fixtures/fonts/NotoSansCJK-Test.otf').then((response) =>
+        response.arrayBuffer()
+      ),
+      fetch('/tests/fixtures/fonts/NotoNaskhArabic-Regular.ttf').then((response) =>
+        response.arrayBuffer()
+      )
+    ])
+    fontManager.markLoaded('Noto Sans CJK SC', 'Regular', cjk)
+    fontManager.markLoaded('Noto Naskh Arabic', 'Regular', arabic)
+    fontManager.setCJKFallbackFamily('Noto Sans CJK SC')
+    fontManager.setArabicFallbackFamily('Noto Naskh Arabic')
+    store.commitTextEdit()
+    await store.loadFontsForNodes(nodeIds)
+    fontManager.unblockNodes(nodeIds)
+    for (const id of nodeIds) {
+      const node = store.graph.getNode(id)
+      if (node?.type === 'TEXT') store.graph.updateNode(id, { text: node.text })
+    }
+    store.clearSelection()
+    store.renderer.invalidateAllPictures()
+    store.requestRender()
+    store.renderer.renderFromEditorState(
+      store.state,
+      store.graph,
+      store.textEditor,
+      window.innerWidth,
+      window.innerHeight,
+      false,
+      'full'
+    )
+
+    const tool = store.graph.getNode(toolId)
+    const typed = store.graph.getNode(typedId)
+    const pageNode = store.graph.getNode(store.state.currentPageId)
+    const image = await store.renderExportImage(pageNode?.childIds ?? [], 2, 'PNG')
+    if (!image) throw new Error('Interactive export failed')
+    return {
+      image: Array.from(image),
+      textsMatch: tool?.type === 'TEXT' && typed?.type === 'TEXT' && tool.text === typed.text,
+      toolReady: tool ? store.renderer.isNodeFontLoaded(tool) : false,
+      typedReady: typed ? store.renderer.isNodeFontLoaded(typed) : false,
+      unblocked: nodeIds.every((id) => !fontManager.isNodeBlocked(id))
+    }
+  }, ids)
+
+  const { image, ...state } = resolved
+  expect(state).toEqual({ textsMatch: true, toolReady: true, typedReady: true, unblocked: true })
+  expect(Buffer.from(image)).toMatchSnapshot('interactive-font-fallback-resolved.png')
 })
diff --git a/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts-snapshots/cjk-fallback-text-rendering-openpencil-darwin.png b/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts-snapshots/cjk-fallback-text-rendering-openpencil-darwin.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 71844438e..000000000
Binary files a/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts-snapshots/cjk-fallback-text-rendering-openpencil-darwin.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts-snapshots/interactive-font-fallback-pending-openpencil-darwin.png b/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts-snapshots/interactive-font-fallback-pending-openpencil-darwin.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6d95e8f1
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts-snapshots/interactive-font-fallback-pending-openpencil-darwin.png differ
diff --git a/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts-snapshots/interactive-font-fallback-resolved-openpencil-darwin.png b/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts-snapshots/interactive-font-fallback-resolved-openpencil-darwin.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e044e0ee8
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts-snapshots/interactive-font-fallback-resolved-openpencil-darwin.png differ
diff --git a/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts-snapshots/international-text-first-paint-openpencil-darwin.png b/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts-snapshots/international-text-first-paint-openpencil-darwin.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f47cff42
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/e2e/fonts/cjk-rendering-visual.spec.ts-snapshots/international-text-first-paint-openpencil-darwin.png differ
diff --git a/tests/engine/text/fonts/lifecycle.test.ts b/tests/engine/text/fonts/lifecycle.test.ts
index 0f53816d8..7e1434a0a 100644
--- a/tests/engine/text/fonts/lifecycle.test.ts
+++ b/tests/engine/text/fonts/lifecycle.test.ts
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ describe('font lifecycle', () => {
     expect(providerGeneration).toBeGreaterThan(0)
     expect(registrationGeneration).toBeGreaterThan(providerGeneration)
     expect(manager.generation()).toBe(registrationGeneration)
-    expect(registrations).toEqual(['Generation Test', '__op_font__Generation_Test__Regular'])
+    expect(registrations).toEqual(['Generation Test'])
   })
 
-  test('moves replaced subset fonts to a fresh render family', () => {
+  test('keeps cumulative subset registrations under the source family', () => {
     const manager = new FontManager()
     const registrations: string[] = []
     const provider = {
@@ -39,13 +39,12 @@ describe('font lifecycle', () => {
 
     manager.attachProvider({} as CanvasKit, provider)
     manager.markLoaded('Subset Font', 'Regular', new ArrayBuffer(8))
-    const firstRenderFamily = manager.renderFamily('Subset Font', 'Regular')
+    const firstGeneration = manager.generation()
     manager.markLoaded('Subset Font', 'Regular', new ArrayBuffer(12))
-    const secondRenderFamily = manager.renderFamily('Subset Font', 'Regular')
 
-    expect(firstRenderFamily).toBe('__op_font__Subset_Font__Regular')
-    expect(secondRenderFamily).toBe('__op_font__Subset_Font__Regular__2')
-    expect(registrations).toContain(secondRenderFamily)
+    expect(manager.renderFamily('Subset Font', 'Regular')).toBe('Subset Font')
+    expect(manager.generation()).toBeGreaterThan(firstGeneration)
+    expect(registrations).toEqual(['Subset Font', 'Subset Font'])
   })
 
   test('tracks nodes gated by pre-render font resolution', () => {
diff --git a/tests/engine/text/fonts/loading.test.ts b/tests/engine/text/fonts/loading.test.ts
index fb7b28d0a..327b785f5 100644
--- a/tests/engine/text/fonts/loading.test.ts
+++ b/tests/engine/text/fonts/loading.test.ts
@@ -132,16 +132,10 @@ describe('FontManager loaded font cache', () => {
 
     manager.attachProvider(canvasKit, first.provider)
     manager.markLoaded('ProviderLifecycle', 'Regular', new ArrayBuffer(12))
-    expect(first.registrations).toEqual([
-      { family: 'ProviderLifecycle', byteLength: 12 },
-      { family: '__op_font__ProviderLifecycle__Regular', byteLength: 12 }
-    ])
+    expect(first.registrations).toEqual([{ family: 'ProviderLifecycle', byteLength: 12 }])
 
     manager.attachProvider(canvasKit, second.provider)
-    expect(second.registrations).toEqual([
-      { family: 'ProviderLifecycle', byteLength: 12 },
-      { family: '__op_font__ProviderLifecycle__Regular', byteLength: 12 }
-    ])
+    expect(second.registrations).toEqual([{ family: 'ProviderLifecycle', byteLength: 12 }])
     manager.detachProvider(first.provider)
     expect(manager.provider()).toBe(second.provider)
 
@@ -149,7 +143,7 @@ describe('FontManager loaded font cache', () => {
     expect(manager.provider()).toBeNull()
   })
 
-  test('registers loaded faces under exact render families', () => {
+  test('renders loaded faces under their source families', () => {
     const manager = new FontManager()
     const recording = createRecordingProvider()
 
@@ -158,13 +152,10 @@ describe('FontManager loaded font cache', () => {
 
     const renderFamily = manager.renderFamily('Inter', 'SemiBold')
 
-    expect(renderFamily).toBe('__op_font__Inter__SemiBold')
-    expect(recording.registrations).toEqual([
-      { family: 'Inter', byteLength: 12 },
-      { family: '__op_font__Inter__SemiBold', byteLength: 12 }
-    ])
+    expect(renderFamily).toBe('Inter')
+    expect(recording.registrations).toEqual([{ family: 'Inter', byteLength: 12 }])
     expect(manager.renderFamily('Inter', 'SemiBold')).toBe(renderFamily)
-    expect(recording.registrations).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(recording.registrations).toHaveLength(1)
   })
 
   test('prefers local font data before downloaded cache', async () => {
@@ -206,10 +197,7 @@ describe('FontManager loaded font cache', () => {
     })
 
     await expect(manager.loadFont('DownloadedCache', 'Regular')).resolves.toBe(data)
-    expect(recording.registrations).toEqual([
-      { family: 'DownloadedCache', byteLength: 16 },
-      { family: '__op_font__DownloadedCache__Regular', byteLength: 16 }
-    ])
+    expect(recording.registrations).toEqual([{ family: 'DownloadedCache', byteLength: 16 }])
     expect(writes).toBe(0)
   })
 
@@ -226,10 +214,7 @@ describe('FontManager loaded font cache', () => {
       const data = await manager.loadFont('Inter', 'ExtraBold')
 
       expect(data?.byteLength).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-      expect(recording.registrations).toEqual([
-        { family: 'Inter', byteLength: data?.byteLength },
-        { family: '__op_font__Inter__ExtraBold', byteLength: data?.byteLength }
-      ])
+      expect(recording.registrations).toEqual([{ family: 'Inter', byteLength: data?.byteLength }])
     } finally {
       globalThis.fetch = originalFetch
     }
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/fonts/NotoSansCJK-Test.otf b/tests/fixtures/fonts/NotoSansCJK-Test.otf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7eccd1cc7
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/fixtures/fonts/NotoSansCJK-Test.otf differ
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/fonts/OFL.txt b/tests/fixtures/fonts/OFL.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c9f43281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/fonts/OFL.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+Copyright 2014-2021 Adobe (http://www.adobe.com/), with Reserved Font Name 'Source'
+
+This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at:
+https://scripts.sil.org/OFL
+
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+PREAMBLE
+The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide
+development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation
+efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and
+open framework in which fonts may be shared and improved in partnership
+with others.
+
+The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and
+redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The
+fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded, 
+redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved
+names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives,
+however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The
+requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply
+to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives.
+
+DEFINITIONS
+"Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright
+Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may
+include source files, build scripts and documentation.
+
+"Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the
+copyright statement(s).
+
+"Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as
+distributed by the Copyright Holder(s).
+
+"Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting,
+or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the components of the
+Original Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a
+new environment.
+
+"Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical
+writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software.
+
+PERMISSION & CONDITIONS
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify,
+redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font
+Software, subject to the following conditions:
+
+1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components,
+in Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself.
+
+2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy
+contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be
+included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or
+in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or
+binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user.
+
+3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font
+Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding
+Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as
+presented to the users.
+
+4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font
+Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any
+Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the
+Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written
+permission.
+
+5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole,
+must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be
+distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to
+remain under this license does not apply to any document created
+using the Font Software.
+
+TERMINATION
+This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are
+not met.
+
+DISCLAIMER
+THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
+OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.